Authors: Stevanović, Sanja 
Stevanović, Dragan 
Affiliations: Computer Science 
Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 
Title: A simple parallel surrogate optimization method over mixed design spaces/dsopt
Journal: Software Impacts
Volume: 27
First page: 100821
Issue Date: 2026
Rank: M23
ISSN: 26659638
DOI: 10.1016/j.simpa.2026.100821
Abstract: 
dsopt is an open-source Python package implementing a practical, parallel surrogate-optimization workflow for expensive black-box functions over mixed-type design spaces. It treats continuous, integer and categorical variables uniformly by representing each parameter as a finite set of admissible values. dsopt combines fast XGBoost surrogates, lightweight uncertainty metrics, a Monte-Carlo candidate pool and a sampling strategy that mixes exploitative, Pareto and explorative points to form parallel evaluation batches without costly inner acquisition solvers. With predictable runtimes and minimal dependencies, dsopt makes surrogate-assisted optimization accessible to researchers and practitioners with basic Python skills.
Keywords: Black box functions | Mixed type design spaces | Parallel surrogate optimization | Sampling strategy | XGBoost surrogates
Publisher: Elsevier
Project: This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, #6767 Lazy walk counts and spectral radius of threshold graphs—LZWK.

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