Authors: Hansen, Pierre
Mladenović, Nenad 
Title: Variable neighborhood search: Principles and applications
Journal: European Journal of Operational Research
Volume: 130
Issue: 3
First page: 449
Last page: 467
Issue Date: 1-May-2001
Rank: M22
ISSN: 0377-2217
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00100-4
Abstract: 
Systematic change of neighborhood within a possibly randomized local search algorithm yields a simple and effective metaheuristic for combinatorial and global optimization, called variable neighborhood search (VNS). We present a basic scheme for this purpose, which can easily be implemented using any local search algorithm as a subroutine. Its effectiveness is illustrated by solving several classical combinatorial or global optimization problems. Moreover, several extensions are proposed for solving large problem instances: using VNS within the successive approximation method yields a two-level VNS, called variable neighborhood decomposition search (VNDS); modifying the basic scheme to explore easily valleys far from the incumbent solution yields an efficient skewed VNS (SVNS) heuristic. Finally, we show how to stabilize column generation algorithms with help of VNS and discuss various ways to use VNS in graph theory, i.e., to suggest, disprove or give hints on how to prove conjectures, an area where metaheuristics do not appear to have been applied before.
Publisher: Elsevier
Project: ONR, Grant N00014-95-1-0917
NSERC, Grant OGPOO 39682
FCAR, Grant 32EQ 1048

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